4.1. GENERAL

4.1.1    All shop welding shall conform to the requirements of the AWS D1.1, and D1.3.  Welders shall be fully approved by the proper authorities in both Canada and the United States. Flange to web welds shall be continuous on one side of web using automatic submerged.

4.1.2 All framing members shall be shop fabricated for bolted held assembly. Bolts shall meet the requirements of the following ASTM Standards, latest issue:

• A-325  for quenched and tempered steel bolts
• A-307  for steel machine bolts

4.1.3    All framing members, where necessary, shall be identified with a mark corresponding to the erection drawings.
4.2.2.  PRIMARY FRAMING
4.2.1    All rigid frames shall be welded, built-up "I" sections.
4.2.2    All endwall frames and columns shall be either cold-formed, mill rolled, or built up "I" sections, depending on design requirements.
4.2.3    All main-frame webs, base-plates, splice plates and flanges shall be shop fabricated to include holes for installation of bolts and slots for bracing.
4.3.    SECONDARY FRAMING

4.3.1    Purlins and girts shall be "Z" shaped cold-formed sections or "C" shaped cold-formed sections with flanges of no less than 2-1/2" and stiffener lips.Purlins shall be considered as continuous beams, lapping each other at each interior main frame. The girts shall be either continuous or simple span (flush mounted), depending on type of framing. Purlin and girt overlap requirements.
4.3.2    Eave strut shall be cold-formed "C" section, rolled for appropriate roof pitch (on greater than 1:12).

4.3.3.    Framed openings shall be made from sections adequate for the specified design loads.
4.3.4.    A continuous galvanized base angle will be supplied for attachment of the base of the sheeting to the concrete. The base angle will be attached to the concrete slab with ramsets or equivalent anchors (fasteners to concrete not supplied by The Company)
4.4.     BRACING
4.4.1    Diagonal cable bracing (galvanized) or rod bracing shall be used in the roof and walls to remove longitudinal loads from the structure.
4.4.2    Portal frames: When special conditions exist so that cable bracing/or rod bracing cannot be used, a portal frame or other type of bracing will be used between frames to remove longitudinal loads.

 

 

4.4.3    Flange bracing: The inside flange of all main frames shall be braced by angles connecting to the flange and web of the frame and to the web of the purlin or girt so that allowable compression is adequate for any combination of loadings.
4.4.4    To assure consistent purlin spacing and stiffening, galvanized purlin bridging angles shall be provided.